The causes of osteomalacia may be grouped into vitamin disorders, calcium deficiency, phosphate deficiency, disorders of bone matrix and inhibitors of mineralization.
Vitamin disorders
1. Decreasd availability of vitamin D
- Insufficient sunlight exposure
- Nutritional deficiency of vitamin D,
- Malabsorption,
- Nephrotic syndrome
2. Abnormal response to vitamin D
- Vitamin D dependent rickets type-II,
- Gastrointestinal disorders
3. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism
4. Vitamin D dependent rickets type-I
5. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
6. Tumoral hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
7. Liver disease
8. Chronic renal failure
9. Diphenylhydantoin or barbiturate therapy
Calcium deficiency
Phosphate deficiency
1. Decreased intestinal absorption
- Nutritional deficiency of phosphorus
- Malabsorption
- Phosphate-binding antacid therapy
2. Increased renal loss
- Vitamin D resistant rickets
- Tumoral hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
- Association with other disorders, including paraprotenemias, glycogen stroge diseases galactosemia, tyrosinemia, cystinosis, neurofibromatosis, Wilson’s disease, Fanconi’s syndrome.
Disorders of bone matrix
- Hypophosphatase
- Fibrogenesis imperfecta
- Axial osteomalacia
Inhibitors of mineralization
Causes of Osteomalacia – howMed
The causes of osteomalacia may be grouped into vitamin disorders, calcium deficiency, phosphate deficiency, disorders of bone matrix and inhibitors of mineralization.
Vitamin disorders
1. Decreasd availability of vitamin D
2. Abnormal response to vitamin D
3. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism
4. Vitamin D dependent rickets type-I
5. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
6. Tumoral hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
7. Liver disease
8. Chronic renal failure
9. Diphenylhydantoin or barbiturate therapy
Calcium deficiency
Phosphate deficiency
1. Decreased intestinal absorption
2. Increased renal loss
Disorders of bone matrix
Inhibitors of mineralization